3.1 Basic Troubleshooting Principles

Ride comfort and stability both depend on the suspension and steering systems controlling the positions and movements of the wheels. These systems must allow controlled movement so that the wheels can steer and react to bumps, but they also limit and precisely locate the wheels so that the car is stable, controllable, and predictable. Any symptom of instability or imprecise road feel may be caused by worn or damaged suspension and steering components.

Aside from inspection for worn parts, troubleshooting must also consider tires, wheels, and their alignment. Tire wear and inflation pressures can dramatically affect handling. Subtle irregularities in wheel alignment angles also affect stability. Tires of mixed brands or sizes affect alignment and may unbalance a car's handling.

Table a lists symptoms of suspension and steering problems and their probable causes, and suggests corrective actions. The boldface numbers in the corrective action column refer to headings in that section where the repairs are described.

Table a. Suspension and Steering Troubleshooting